Cation Separations Using A Proton-Ionizable Macrocycle in a Dual Module Hollow Fiber Membrane System

Separation of metal cations in aqueous solution using a proton-ionizable macrocycle in a dual module hollow fiber membrane system is described. The advantages of this system, such as easy access to all phases, rapid transport rates, and the potential for continuous operation are maintained with the proton-ionizable macrocycles which allow for proton driven transport. Transport is diffusion limited in the organic phase boundary layer near and on the fibers. Hence, the selectivity of the extraction system is maintained. Selective transport of Ag+ over all other cations tested from neutral source phases and of K+ over other alkali metal cations from basic source phases using a triazole-18-crown-6 carrier has been demonstrated. Selective K+ transport from less basic source phases has been demonstrated using the more acidic thiopyridone-18-crown-6 ligand. However, the large aqueous partition of this ligand makes it difficult to maintain it in the organic phase. Design of the separation systems requires a knowledge of extraction equilibrium constants and partition coefficients. These data have been measured in order to understand these membrane systems.