Key result
Simpson's method of discs established reference intervals of 49-93 mL/m² for EDVI and 22-50 mL/m² for ESVI in healthy Boxer dogs.
Observational (n=85)
The established reference intervals for LV volumes in Boxer dogs using Simpson's method of discs show that the upper limit for ESVI (50 mL/m²) is higher than the previously suggested cut-off for systolic dysfunction.
Provides Boxer-specific LV volume references; challenges prior ESVI cut-offs for dysfunction and leaves open clinical validation.
BACKGROUND: Boxer dogs are predisposed to congenital and adult onset cardiac diseases. Breed-specific reference values for M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic measurements previously have been established. Left ventricular (LV) end-systolic (ESV) and end-diastolic volumes (EDV) can be measured by M-mode or two-dimensional methods, such as Simpson's method of discs (SMOD). Reference ranges for SMOD-derived LV volumes are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine reference intervals for EDV and ESV in Boxer dogs. ANIMALS: Previously collected data from 85 healthy Boxers (37 males and 48 females) were used for analysis. METHODS: Simpson's method of discs-derived EDV and ESV were measured using offline analysis by 1 observer, in both the right parasternal and the left apical views. Measurements were compared between both views and between male and female dogs using a t-test. Reference intervals were established using the mean + 2 × SD. RESULTS: Measurements obtained from both views showed good agreement, and mean EDVI and ESVI, indexed to body surface area (BSA), were calculated. Reference intervals were 49-93 mL/m² for EDVI, and 22-50 mL/m² for ESVI. EDV and ESV were significantly higher in males compared with females, when indexing to BSA, but not when indexing to body weight. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The upper limit for ESVI exceeds the previously suggested cut-off of 30 mL/m² for detection of systolic dysfunction. The reference intervals generated in this study should be useful clinically in the assessment of LV size and function in Boxer dogs.
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Smets et al. (2013) conducted an observational in Healthy Boxer dogs (n=85). Simpson's method of discs (SMOD) was evaluated on Reference intervals for EDVI and ESVI. Simpson's method of discs established reference intervals of 49-93 mL/m² for EDVI and 22-50 mL/m² for ESVI in healthy Boxer dogs.
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