The Separation of Blood Into Fractions of Therapeutic Value

Article1 March 1947THE SEPARATION OF BLOOD INTO FRACTIONS OF THERAPEUTIC VALUEEDWIN J. COHNEDWIN J. COHNSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-26-3-341 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI. INTRODUCTIONMedicine is concerned with understanding, in the interests of control, all of the component parts of the body and their functioning. Anatomy and physiology have contributed to this understanding, as have histology, bacteriology and immunology. Alchemy has contributed both to pharmacology and to chemistry, and an unfolding chemistry has contributed a knowledge first of the elements, then of their relation to each other in the organic molecule and then of intermolecular reactions. The level of understanding, at any time, has reflected the new knowledge in the natural, as well as in the medical sciences.Discovery of the Atmospheric... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts*John Phillips Memorial Medalist Presentation to the Twenty-Seventh Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 14, 1946.This work was originally supported by grants from the Rockefeller Foundation and from funds of Harvard University. It was aided early in 1941 by grants from the Committee on Medicine of the National Research Council, which included a grant from the American College of Physicians. Since August, 1941, it has been carried out under contract, recommended by the Committee on Medical Research, between the Office of Scientific Research and Development and Harvard University.This paper is Number 51 in the series "Studies on Plasma Proteins" from the Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, on products developed by the Department of Physical Chemistry from blood collected by the American Red Cross.Our knowledge of blood has been accumulating for so many centuries that adequate references to the literature regarding each point referred to would occupy more space than this brief essay. The quotation from Mayow is from the article by T. S. Patterson, Isis, 1931, xv, 504. The quotation from Mulder is from page 101, and that from Liebig is from pages 38 and 39 of Liebig, J., Animal Chemistry, or Organic Chemistry in Its Application to Physiology and Pathology, John Owen, Cambridge, 1843. References to Mulder's early estimates of protein molecular weights and to the communication from Denis to Liebig are given in a paper on Proteins as Chemical Substances and as Biological Components in the Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 1939, xv, 639. A partial bibliography regarding blood and blood derivatives is published in Science in Progress, Yale University Press, Fourth Series, pages 319-23, 1945. Earlier chemical methods for the separation and purification of the plasma proteins were considered in Chemical Reviews, 1941, xxviii, 395, and the newer methods of plasma fractionation in ethanol-water mixtures of controlled pH, ionic strength and temperature were reported in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1940, lxii, 3396, and 1946, lxviii, 459. Recent studies upon separated plasma components which have led to clinical uses have been reported in the Journal of Clinical Investigation, 1944, xxiii, 417-606; 1945, xxiv, 657, 662, 671, 698, 704, 793, 802, and 1946, xxv, 304; and articles to be published shortly in the same journal; in the Journal of the American Medical Association, 1944, cxxiv, 976; 1944, cxxvi, 469, 674, 680, 944; 1945, cxxvii, 144; 1945, cxxviii, 1062, 1088; and 1945, cxxix, 270; in the Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, Second Series, 1945, xxi, 202; in Surgery, 1945, xviii, 347; and in the American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 1945, ccx, 661. 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