Juan Moreno, Richard J. Cowie, Juan J. Sanz, Roberts S. R. Williams, Differential Response by Males and Females to Brood Manipulations in the Pied Flycatcher: Energy Expenditure and Nestling Diet, Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 64, No. 6 (Nov., 1995), pp. 721-732
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Moreno et al. (1995) studied this question.