A Review of Organotin Compounds: Chemistry and Applications

The field of organotin chemistry has a long history that started since 1849, when Frankland isolated a specimen of diethyltin diiodide [1]. In 1852, Lowich reported on the reaction of alkyl halides with a tin-sodium alloy giving alkyltin compounds [2]. This last publication is usually considered to represent the beginning of organotin chemistry. By 1935, about hundreds of publications concerning organotin chemistry had appeared in the literature. At that time, important names had played a role in the development of organotin chemistry were Krause in Germany, Kraus in the United States, and Kozeshkov in Russia. The discovery of organotin compounds industrial applications as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) stabilizers, as agrochemicals, biocides, and wood preservatives produced a revival of organotin chemistry. Particularly van der Kerk and his co-workers in Netherlands played a major role in this development [3,4]. In early of 1960s it was found that the tin atom