Biological Therapies in Menopausal Medicine: Reproductive and Endocrine Aspects

safety, regulation, and ethical landscape of ovarian regenerative medicine. IntroductIonLife-expectancy gains now leave over one-third of an average woman's life in the postmenopausal state. 1 Conventional hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) is highly effective for vasomotor and skeletal symptoms, yet it neither restores follicular reserve nor tackles the upstream molecular aging of the ovary.Observational data indicate that earlier menopause (<45 years) accelerates cardiovascular mortality, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, and cognitive decline, whereas surgically premature menopause (<40 years) carries the steepest risk.2,3 Against this backdrop, experimental biological therapies that act directly on ovarian tissue have gained momentum.The concept was first consolidated in the Sarajevo Menopause 2025 keynote 4 and has since been elaborated in several systematic reviews.5,6 Here we integrate those sources with longitudinal data from the SEGOVA (Ovarian rejuvenation program) Clinical Registry (2017-2024) to provide an expanded science-art-religion (SAR) narrative of the endocrine and reproductive impact, biological plausibility, 1,