Organ and cell transplantations have become widely recognized treatments. However, the immunosuppressive drugs that are required to be used for a life time after transplantations are high-level toxic. Methods developed to perform transplantation without using the drugs attempt to induce donorspecific tolerance in the recipient. Chimerism due to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been shown to induce donor-specific tolerance in many species including humans.
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