The viscoelastic behavior of ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) reinforced with zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) was studied with the use of a rubber process analyzer. ZDMA was in situ prepared in the EPDM matrix through the neutralization reaction of zinc oxide (ZnO) and methacrylic acid (MAA). Strain sweep and frequency sweep tests of uncured and cured samples were performed at different temperatures. The variations of storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G′′) against strain or frequency were recorded. Results obtained revealed that the viscoelastic behavior of the composites was influenced remarkably by the loadings of ZDMA. As ZDMA was increased, the initial storage modules (G0′) of the vulcanizates increased, and an apparent Payne effect was observed. However, the Payne effect observed in the uncured compounds was weaker than that in the cured composites. The dynamic storage shear modulus of the filled EPDM had a stronger dependence on strain than that of the unfilled EPDM. There was a synergistic effect between vulcanization and reinforcement of ZDMA on the storage modulus due to the formation of ionic cross-link bonds and homo-PZDMA (poly-ZDMA). In addition, all the samples with various loadings of ZDMA revealed an increase in elasticity with increasing frequency, and those with high ZDMA loadings gave a more time-dependent elastic response.
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Chen et al. (2012) studied this question.
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