Diet modification reverses diastolic dysfunction in rats with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Diet switch reversed diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF. A. Experimental design of the project. B. Trend of EF in three groups of rats at each time point. C. EF at 20 weeks of age did not differ between HFpEF s/p HS and HFpEF s/p NS rats. D. Trend of E/E′ ratio in three groups of rats. E. E/E′ ratio was significantly reduced in HFpEF s/p NS rats as compared to HFpEF s/p HS rats (p = 0.0484) at 20 weeks of age. F. Trend of heart rate in three groups of rats. G. There was no difference in heart rate between HFpEF s/p HS and HFpEF s/p NS rats at 20 weeks of age. H. Trend of systolic blood pressure in three groups of rats at three time points. I. There was no difference in systolic blood pressure between HFpEF s/p HS and HFpEF s/p NS rats at 20 weeks of age. J. Trend of ventricular wall thickness in three groups of rats. K. No significant difference in ventricular hypertrophy was noted between HFpEF s/p HS and HFpEF s/p NS rats at 20 weeks of age. L. There was no difference in heart weight between HFpEF s/p HS and HFpEF s/p NS rats at 20 weeks of age. M. Trend of body weight in three groups of rats. N. Significant increase of body weight was observed in HFpEF s/p NS rats as compared to…

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  Fig. 2. Diet modification did not affect ventricular arrhythmias and electrical remodeling. Programmed electrical stimulation tracings in three representative rats from each group. B. Ventricular arrhythmias inducibility did not change after diet switch in HFpEF rats. C. Last stimulus coupling interval was not altered after diet switch in HFpEF rats. D. The number of ventricular arrhythmias beats were not different between HFpEF s/p HS and HFpEF s/p NS rats. E. Trend of PR interval in three groups of rats at each time pint. F. There was no difference in PR interval between HFpEF s/p HS and HFpEF s/p NS rats at 20 weeks of age. G. Trend of QRS interval in three groups of rats. H. QRS interval was not altered after diet switch at 20 weeks of age. I. Trend RR interval in three groups of rats. J. There was no significant change in RR interval between HFpEF s/p HS and HFpEF s/p NS rats at 20 weeks of age. K. Trend of QT interval in three groups of rats. L. QT interval was not changed after diet switch in HFpEF rats at 20 weeks of age. M. Trend of QTc interval in three groups of rats. N. QTc interval was not altered in HFpEF rats after diet switch. N = 6 rats for control, N = 4 rats for HFpEF…

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  Fig. 3. Diet switch improved survival of HFpEF rats and reduced pulmonary and liver congestion. A. Survival analysis of three groups of rats. Although the survival was different between HFpEF s/p HS and HFpEF s/p NS rats between 16 and 20 weeks (5/9 = 55 % mortality in HFpEF s/p HS rats vs. 0/5 = 0 % mortality in HFpEF s/p NS rats), it did not reach statistical significance due to low number of rats. B. Pulmonary congestion was significantly reduced in HFpEF s/p HS rats as compared to HFpEF s/p NS rats (p = 0.0162). C. Liver congestion was also significantly reduced in HFpEF s/p HS rats compared to HFpEF s/p NS rats (p = 0.0336). N = 6 rats for control, N = 15 rats for HFpEF s/p HS, and N = 10 rats for HFpEF s/p NS. Log-rank tests and ANOVA were used for the statistical analyses (* denotes p value <0.05 and ns denotes non-significant). Data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean.

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  Fig. 4. Diet switch reversed serum markers of HF. A. Serum BNP level was increased in HFpEF rats but showed strong trend of reduction in HFpEF s/p NS rats (p = 0.131). B. Serum total cholesterol was significantly reduced in HFpEF s/p NS rats as compared to HFpEF s/p HS rats (p = 0.0001). C. Serum triglyceride was increased in HFpEF rats and showed strong trend of reduction in diet switch group (p = 0.150). D. Serum protein was reduced in HFpEF rats and diet switch increased serum protein levels in HFpEF rats (p = 0.0291). E. Serum albumin was significantly increased in HFpEF s/p NS rats as compared to HFpEF s/p HS rats (p = 0.0098). F-G. Serum AST and ALT levels did not change between control and HFpEF rats. H. Serum creatinine level did not change between control and HFpEF rats. N = 6 rats for control, N = 4 rats for HFpEF s/p HS, and N = 5 rats for HFpEF s/p NS. ANOVA was used for the statistical analyses (* denotes p value <0.05 and ns denotes non-significant). Data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean.

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  Fig. 5. Diet switch reduced ventricular fibrosis. A. Representative Masson's trichrome stating of control and HFpEF hearts at 20 weeks of age. B. Ventricular fibrosis was significantly reduced in HFpEF s/p NS rats as compared to HFpEF s/p HS rats (p = 0.0011). N = 6 rats for control, N = 4 rats for HFpEF s/p HS, and N = 5 rats for HFpEF s/p NS. ANOVA was used for the statistical analyses (* denotes p value <0.05 and ns denotes non-significant). Data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean.