Jencks's principle is fulfilled in these examples of double proton transfer reactions in a variety of media. The reactions proceed in a concerted manner when a high‐energy intermediate needs to be avoided and a stepwise manner when this is not neccessary. This is the result of detailed studies by the research groups of Ahlberg (mutarotation of tetramethylglucose), Limbach (tautomerization of porphyrins), Petrich (tautomerization of 7‐azaindole), and Zewail (tautomerization of 7‐azaindole dimers in the gas phase), which are discussed here.
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Richard L. Schowen (1997) studied this question.
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