Diabetes, Sports and Exercise

For all forms of diabetes mellitus, exercise is one of the most important measures for maintaining good health. Sport and exercise trigger adaptation and repair mechanisms in various organ systems and cells, such as the muscles, nerves, vessels, immune system or brain, which can help ward off diseases [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]. There is no need for maximum physical exercise. Exertion according to the motto “running/walking without panting” already brings about good health benefits. According to the recommendations of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) from 2020, adults with diabetes should exercise for 150 minutes/week or more at moderate intensity. Younger and physically fit patients can also exercise more intensively (minimum recommendation: 75 minutes/week). Exercise should be performed on at least 3 days, with no more than 2 consecutive days of inactivity. Strength training 2–3 times a week is also recommended, but not on consecutive days. Periods of sitting should be interrupted every 30 minutes. For older people, flexibility and balance training is also recommended 2–3 times a week. Alternative sports such as yoga and tai-chi may also be suitable. For the treatment of obesity, 200–300 minutes of exercise per week and an energy deficit of about 500–750 kcal/day should be aimed for [ 5 ]. This practice guideline is intended to outline therapeutic options for physical activity in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and to provide practical recommendations for implementation in type 1 and type 2 patients. Publication History Article published online: 21 December 2020 © 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany