A sputter-grown Cu-phthalocyanine (SG-CuPc) thin films have been employed to control the anode interface of organic electroluminescent device (OELD). Insertion of a thin SG-CuPc between the indium tin oxide and hole-transport layers enhances the hole injection in a controllable manner, which can increase the device efficiency and decrease the operation voltage without increasing the interface roughness. Time–voltage–luminescence measurements show the improved operational durability of the thin SG-CuPc inserted OELD.
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Kim et al. (2001) studied this question.
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