Baker’s Yeast Sensitizes Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells to Paclitaxel In Vitro

Figures

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  Figure 1.. Effect of paclitaxel and yeast on the growth and viability of 4T1 cells as assessed by MTT assay. 4T1 cells were exposed for 24 and 48 hours to the following treatments: (A) paclitaxel alone, (B) yeast alone (1 × 104 to 1 × 109 cells/mL), (C) paclitaxel plus yeast (1 × 107 cells/mL), and (D) paclitaxel plus yeast (1 × 109 cells/mL). Data are the mean ± SE of 2 experiments performed in triplicate. *P < .05, **P < .01 and was considered as statistically significant.

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  Figure 2.. Effect of paclitaxel and yeast on the growth and viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells as assessed by MTT assay. EAC cells were exposed for 24 and 48 hours to the following treatments: (A) paclitaxel alone, (B) yeast alone (1 × 104 to 1 × 109 cells/mL), (C) paclitaxel plus yeast (1 × 107 cells/mL), and (D) paclitaxel plus yeast (1 × 109 cells/mL). Data are the mean ± SE of 2 experiments performed in triplicate. **P < .01 and was considered as statistically significant.

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  Figure 3.. Effect of paclitaxel and yeast on the growth and viability of MCF-7 cells as assessed by MTT assay. MCF-7 cells were exposed for 24 and 48 hours to the following treatments: (A) paclitaxel alone, (B) yeast alone (1 × 104 to 1 × 109 cells/mL), (C) paclitaxel plus yeast (1 × 107 cells/mL), and (D) paclitaxel plus yeast (1 × 109 cells/mL). Data are the mean ± SE of 2 experiments performed in triplicate. **P < .01 and was considered as statistically significant.

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  Figure 4.. DNA damage to 4T1 cells. The effect of paclitaxel (1 × 10−3 M/L), and 2 different concentrations of yeast (1 × 107 and 1 × 109 cells/mL), and paclitaxel plus yeast on DNA damage to 4T1 cells was examined. DNA damage in 4T1 cells was assessed using flow cytometry. Data represent the mean ± SE of 2 experiments performed in triplicate. **P < .01 and was considered as statistically significant.

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  Figure 5.. Apoptosis of 4T1 cells. The effect of paclitaxel alone (1 × 10−3 M/L), and 2 different concentrations of yeast (1 × 107 and 1 × 109 cells/mL), and paclitaxel plus yeast on apoptosis of 4T1 cells at 24 and 48 hours was examined. The percentage of apoptosis of 4T1 cells was assessed using flow cytometry. Data represent the mean ± SE of 2 experiments performed in triplicate. *P < .05, **P < .01 and was considered as statistically significant.

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  Figure 6.. Proliferation of 4T1 cells. The effect of paclitaxel alone (1 × 10−3 M/L), and in combination with 2 different concentrations of yeast (1 × 107 and 1 × 109 cells/mL) on the proliferation of 4T1 cells was examined. The percentage proliferation of 4T1 cells was assessed using flow cytometry. Data represent the mean ± SE of 2 experiments performed in triplicate. **P < .01 and was considered as statistically significant.