By design: New chiral bis(betaine)s, for example 1, containing two catalytically active centers have been designed. They have proven to be promising organocatalysts for the direct Mannich-type reaction of azlactones with a broad spectrum of aliphatic imines, thus affording α-tetrasubstituted α,β-diamino acid surrogates with excellent enantioselectivities.
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Zhang et al. (2012) studied this question.
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