Fat Grafting Improves Fibrosis and Scarring in Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: Results From a Prospective Cohort Study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lipotransfer in women presenting with fibrosis and scarring due to lichen sclerosus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 33 women attending the vulvar clinic of a public hospital. Patients received one lipotransfer treatment. Validated measures were used prospectively to assess the sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index, Female Sexual Distress Scale); symptoms (visual analog scale for itching, burning, soreness), pain (Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale 20); psychological status and quality of life (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Relationship Assessment Scale, Wound Management Questionnaire Revised); physician-based disease signs (Vulvar Architecture Severity Scale). Data were analyzed using paired t test with nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test and unpaired t test with nonparametric Mann-Whitney test (Prism6 Software). RESULTS: The mean (SD) follow-up was 12.9 (3.5) months. Sexual function improved after treatment (p < .001), as well as the distress associated with sexuality (p < .0001). A significant improvement was reported in itching (p < .001), burning (p < .05), soreness (p < .001), and pain (p < .0001). Patients reported a significant improvement in romantic relationship (p < .05), anxiety (p < .0001), and depression (p < .0001). Improvement was not significant in the self-care associated with self-disgust assessment (p = .42). The clinical physician-based score showed an overall improvement in all the treated areas to lesser or greater extent. CONCLUSIONS: The use of fat grafting in lichen sclerosus is promising. Further studies are required to rule out a potential placebo effect and to better understand the underlying molecular mechanism of action.