Extraction of Inertia and Damping Parameters in Inverter-Based Sources via Controlled Frequency Ramp Disturbances

To evaluate the inertia of inverter-based renewable energy sources, this paper proposes a practical method for identifying two key parameters of a black-box single generator: the inertia constant $2H$ and the damping coefficient D . The method connects a variable-frequency voltage source to the black-box generation unit, injects a linear frequency disturbance, and measures the resulting active power response. Linear fitting is then applied to the active power waveform to extract its slope and intercept. Based on these quantities, $2H$ and D are solved jointly, enabling fast and straightforward parameter identification. Additionally, theoretical analysis reveals an inherent estimation error in $2H$ , which increases with the damping coefficient. To mitigate this error, a compensation method is proposed. After compensation, the estimation error remains below 1% under various conditions. The proposed method enables a high-accuracy inertia assessment using a simple laboratory-level setup.