A review is presented of studies of polymeric membranes by applying positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). PALS has been used to study subnanometer-sized holes, to determine their size distribution and free-volume fractions, and to probe molecular-sized vacancies in glassy polymers. At present, PALS is believed to be a highly effective physical method for the examination of polymeric membranes.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Yin et al. (2005) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: