The hyper-hypoosmotic (isosmotic at 23‰) shrimp Crangon vulgaris was found to maintain Ca2+ and K+ more concentrated than the medium in 5-25‰, Na+ and Cl− more concentrated in the range 5–30(23)‰ and less concentrated in higher salinities. Mg2+ was held at a very low level throughout the saUnity range. The importance of various mechanisms (low permeability, active ion transport and hypo-osmotic urine) in assisting this efficient ion regulation is discussed.
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Lars Hagerman (1973) studied this question.
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