Thermal Structure and Cooling of Neutron Stars with Magnetized Envelopes

. The thermal structure of neutron stars with magnetized envelopes is studied using modern physics input. The relation between the internal (T int ) and local surface temperatures is calculated and fitted by analytic expressions for magnetic field strengths B from 0 to 10 16 G and arbitrary inclination of the field lines to the surface. The luminosity of a neutron star with dipole magnetic field is calculated and fitted as a function of B, T int , stellar mass and radius. In addition, we simulate cooling of neutron stars with magnetized envelopes. In particular, we analyse ultramagnetized envelopes of magnetars and also the e#ects of the magnetic field of the Vela pulsar on the determination of critical temperatures of neutron and proton superfluids in its core. Key words. stars: neutron -- dense matter -- conduction -- magnetic fields 1.