Polymer bulk homojunction photonic devices

We demonstrate polymer photonic devices based on the formation of multiple p-n junctions within the bulk of the active polymer film. By simple mixing of metallic particles into an electrolyte/electroluminescent composite polymer film, thousands of tiny light-emitting p-n junctions are formed in situ by electrochemical p- and n-doping. This bulk homojunction device exhibits a large active light-emitting area, as well as a giant open-circuit voltage of 25.5V, when operated as a photovoltaic cell. All devices are constructed in an extremely large planar configuration that can be directly imaged with a digital camera.