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A frequency-domain estimator for the phase of a sinewave with respect to an arbitrary time reference is presented. In particular, the behavior of the estimate is analyzed when the unknown phase is a time-varying function. No information regarding the signal frequency is required, and highly accurate results are provided even when the signal is distorted by other spectral components, both harmonics and spurious tones. Modern digital signal processors allow the realization of digital instrumentation that achieves a real-time bandwidth of some hundreds of kilohertz.>
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Bertocco et al. (1992) studied this question.
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