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A near-stoichiometric LiNbO 3 crystal with 0.02 wt% Fe 2 O 3 doping was grown from a Li-rich melt (Li/Nb = 1.38, atomic ratio) by the Czochralski method in air atmosphere. The OH − absorption band was characterized by infrared transmittance spectra. The appearance of the 3466 cm −1 absorption band (2.89 µm) manifests that the composition of the grown crystal is close to the stoichiometric ratio. The photorefractive properties were measured by a two-wave coupling experiment. The measured results show that the Fe-doped near-stoichiometric LiNbO 3 crystal has a larger exponential gain coefficient than the Fe-doped congruent LiNbO 3 crystal. The remarkable gain can be attributed to the photovoltaic field being comparable with the effective limiting space-charge field.
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Zhang et al. (2005) studied this question.
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