Adventitous bud initiation in epidermis of Torenia stem segments cultured in vitro, which is usually induced by cytokinin, could be induced by application of dibutyryl cyclic AMP in the absence of cytokinin. Similar stimulatory effects on bud initiation were observed when various promoting reagents to accumulate endogenous cyclic AMP were added, such as activators for adenylate cyclase, forskolin and prostaglandin E1, and inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phospho-diesterase, theophylline and isobutyl methyl xanthine. Endogenous content of cyclic AMP in Torenia stem segments were increased by the application of the above chemicals, calcium ionophore or cytokinin. These results suggested that endogenous concentrations of cyclic AMP were involved in adventitious bud initiation of Torenia stem segments. Furthermore, some inhibitors of protein kinases inhibited bud initiation induced by cyclic AMP-accumulating reagents.
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Ishioka et al. (1990) studied this question.