The hexaazaphenalenyl anion (HAP, 3-), a highly symmetric heterocyclic pi system, has been synthesized and characterized. The crystal structures of its potassium salt K+.3- and copper complex Cu2+.(NH3)4.(3-)2 show pi-pi stacking and radially extended hydrogen bonds as well as coordination bonds constructed by the HAP anion. These in-plane and out-of-plane strong interactions demonstrate the multiple-networking ability of the HAP anion.
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Suzuki et al. (2005) studied this question.
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