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The transfer function of an optical system in the presence of off-axis aberrations is evaluated via Gauss quadrature. The transfer function in the presence of third-order coma is studied and the phase of the transfer function is shown to be a smooth function. The variance of the wavefront is obtained for all third- and fifth-order aberrations and its use is illustrated for an actual system along with the transfer function.
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Barakat et al. (1965) studied this question.
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