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This review outlines the history, rationale, techniques, and controversies of emerging minimally invasive and robot-assisted cardiac surgery procedures.
This review outlines the history, rationale, and techniques of emerging minimally invasive and robot-assisted cardiac surgery procedures.
New techniques continue to emerge in cardiac surgery. This article reviews the history, rationale, techniques, and controversies regarding a variety of novel ap proaches to minimally invasive chest surgery. The suc cess of video-assisted thoracoscopy heralded the mod ern era of these techniques and also serves to illustrate its limitations. Minimally invasive cardiac procedures are outlined with a discussion of the benefits and risks, as well as the media and marketing pressures on surgeons. In addition, robot-assisted surgery and future trends are presented.
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Raymond L Singer (1999) conducted a review in Cardiac surgery. Minimally invasive and robot-assisted cardiac surgery was evaluated. This review outlines the history, rationale, techniques, and controversies of emerging minimally invasive and robot-assisted cardiac surgery procedures.
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