Outcomes of 39 Canine Eyes Treated With Combined Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation and Ahmed Valve Gonioimplantation for Glaucoma

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term (> 1 year) outcomes of vision and intraocular pressure (IOP) control in dogs with glaucoma undergoing combined endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ECP) and Ahmed valve gonioimplantation (AVG). METHODS: Medical records between 2020 and 2025 were reviewed. Outcomes evaluated included IOP control (< 25 mmHg), vision preservation, number of medications, and complications. A successful outcome was defined as intact menace response and controlled IOP < 25 mmHg. RESULTS: Median (range) follow-up time for 39 eyes (32 dogs) was 26 (12-65) months. Among eyes with documented vision status at each postoperative time point, vision was preserved in 72.0% (18/25) at 12 months, 72.2% (13/18) at 18 months, 75% (12/16) at 24 months, 57.1% (4/7) at 30 months, and 69.2% (9/13) at 36 months. Among eyes with IOP recorded at each postoperative time point, IOP was controlled in 96.9% (31/32) at 12 months, 95.7% (22/23) at 18 months, and 100% at 24 months (19/19), 30 months (11/11), and 36 months (9/9). These outcomes were achieved with antiglaucoma medications administered when clinically indicated; however, medication burden decreased from a median of 3 preoperatively to 1 at 36 months postoperatively. Common complications included IOP spikes (n = 18/39 eyes, 46.2%), intraocular fibrin (n = 9/39 eyes, 23.1%), corneal ulceration (n = 9/39 eyes, 23.1%), uveitis (n = 8/39 eyes, 20.5%), and corneal edema (n = 7/39 eyes, 17.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The combined ECP/AVG approach was successful in maintaining vision and controlling IOP for more than 1 year in the patients included. Outcomes were similar between glaucoma types, while preoperative vision status was significantly associated with postoperative visual outcome.