What does this research mean for the field?

Exposure of 3D-printed individualized titanium mesh significantly impairs alveolar bone regeneration, with smoking, thin gingival biotype, and maxillary defects serving as independent risk factors for this complication. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To identify independent risk factors for mesh exposure following 3D-printed individualized titanium mesh-assisted alveolar bone augmentation and evaluate its impact on bone regeneration outcomes.

August 30, 2026Clinical Oral Implants ResearchOpen Access

Osteogenic Outcomes and Associated Modifiable Factors of 3D ‐Printed Individual Titanium Mesh Exposure: A Retrospective Analysis

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Authors

MYMinxue YangStomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University YBYaxin BaiStomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University YYYuling YangAnhui Agricultural University

Discussion

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Implication

Retrospective study reveals titanium mesh exposure impairs bone augmentation in alveolar defect patients, indicating smoking and thin gums increase exposure risk.

Key Points

To identify independent risk factors for mesh exposure following 3D-printed individualized titanium mesh-assisted alveolar bone augmentation and evaluate its impact on bone regeneration outcomes.
Retrospective analysis of 52 patients with severe alveolar bone defects who underwent 3D-printed individualized titanium mesh-assisted guided bone regeneration between January 2019 and August 2025.
Compared 25 patients with mesh exposure against 27 patients without exposure using univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression, and radiographic measurements of bone volume, height, and width.
Independent risk factors for mesh exposure were maxillary defects (OR = 11.49, 95% CI: 1.25–105.68, p = 0.031), smoking (OR = 5.16, 95% CI: 1.28–20.82, p = 0.021), and thin gingival biotype (OR = 4.21, 95% CI: 1.05–16.82, p = 0.042).
The exposure group demonstrated significantly greater resorption than the nonexposure group in bone volume (p = 0.0063), bone height (p < 0.0001), and bone width (p < 0.0001).
Early mesh exposure caused significantly more severe bone loss than late exposure across bone volume (p = 0.0048), height (p = 0.0019), and width (p < 0.0001).

Cite This Study

Yang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a93f1176c1a8fb52e79dbed https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.70171

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Implication

Retrospective study reveals titanium mesh exposure impairs bone augmentation in alveolar defect patients, indicating smoking and thin gums increase exposure risk.

Osteogenic Outcomes and Associated Modifiable Factors of 3D ‐Printed Individual Titanium Mesh Exposure: A Retrospective Analysis

Discussion

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Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Osteogenic Outcomes and Associated Modifiable Factors of 3D ‐Printed Individual Titanium Mesh Exposure: A Retrospective Analysis

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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