Social inequalities in food insecurity among Brazilian public university students: analysis of the years 2020 and 2023

Food insecurity is a major challenge for university students, particularly during economic and social crises. This study analyzed its prevalence and associations with demographic and socioeconomic factors in 2020 and 2023. Two cross-sectional online surveys were conducted with undergraduates (987 in 2020; 508 in 2023). Prevalence of food insecurity was 32.3% in 2020 and 25.8% in 2023, with reduction in mild food insecurity, while moderate and severe levels remained stable. In both years, food insecurity was associated with lower income and nonwhite skin color. Findings highlight persistent socioeconomic inequalities and need to strengthen strategies to promote food security among university students.