The issue of what is the best duty cycle in an intensity-modulated direct-detection optical system keeps resurfacing. Here, this issue is addressed from a transmission point of view for a wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) system. It is shown that nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) is more robust to optical fiber transmission impairments for both already deployed systems and new systems in which the dispersion map is a design parameter.
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Forghieri et al. (1997) studied this question.
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