Forms of piled ice at the southern coast of the Baltic Sea

The paper presents the topography, morphology, and structure of various forms of piled ice observed at the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. The authors distinguished pressured ice, grease ice ridge, ridge ice, and hummock ice, based on the results of observations, measurements and photographic documentation that were collected by the authors in the years 1979–2019. Cross-sections of the forms were prepared based on the results of manual drilling. The recognised forms were then classified according to their structure, topography, and morphology as well as the genetic conditions of the region. The distinguished forms of piled ice differ not only in terms of the type and structure of the ice that they consist of, but also in terms of topography and the piling factor: wind, wave movements, and currents.