Flexible Load Scheduling of Hydrogen Energy Data Centers: An Efficiency-Preferred Non-Convex Uncertain Optimization Approach

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The hydrogen energy data center (HEDC) represents an emerging clean energy infrastructure. Due to its potential load flexibility, HEDC is regarded as a valuable object for power demand response (DR) programs. This paper designs a DR-based scheduling strategy to optimize HEDC operations, achieving simultaneous improvement in electricity cost reduction and renewable energy (RE) utilization. This optimization strategy needs to address three key non-convex challenges: complex load characteristics of HEDCs, dynamic electricity pricing, and RE uncertainty. Focusing on these challenges, a non-convex set interval optimization (NSIO) approach is proposed to obtain high-performance and precise solutions under uncertain conditions. The advantages of the proposed NSIO are that: (i) modeling properties of efficiency preference; (ii) exact convex relaxation techniques for reducing computational complexity; (iii) fully explicit mathematical modeling for achieving global optimality. Comprehensive case studies are conducted on the modified IEEE 24-bus power system. The results validate that the above response strategy effectively improves operational costs and RE utilization. Through systematic evaluation of five state-of-the-art uncertain optimization approaches, the proposed NSIO demonstrates 2.3%~ 20.0%superior performance compared to classical approaches.