The adsorption of benzoic acid from solutions of 10−2 to 10−5 m on gold electrode surface in perchlorate solutions of pH 1–4 was studied from differential capacity data obtained by a single pulse method. Strong adsorption is observed in the more acidic solutions. This points to predominant adsorption of benzoic acid molecule, rather than benzoate anions, possibly due to the π-electron interaction. At pH 1, benzoic acid replaces four water molecules. This interprets the flat adsorption of benzoic acid molecule on the gold electrode and the π-electron interaction with free electron of the metal surface. The standard free energy of adsorption Δ° is −10.4 kcal/mol.
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Katoh et al. (1971) studied this question.
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