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The effects of temperature, strain rate, and relaxation on the stress-strain hysteresis curves are studied in terms of the movement of ferroelastic 90° domain walls of NdNbO4 crystals. The movement of the 90° domain wall consists of twinning shear of the lattice along [&2OVBAR;0&1OVBAR;] and „shuffle”︁ of constituent cation atoms. The assumption that this shuffle takes place with an activation energy of (0.68 ± 0.04) eV explains the marked behaviour of hysteresis loops.
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Tsunekawa et al. (1977) studied this question.
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