The q -profile has been determined inside the q = 1 surface of ion cyclotron resonance frequency (ICRF) heated plasmas from the observed toroidicity induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAE) that appeared before giant sawtooth crashes. The q -profile deduced from the TAE spectrum is in good agreement with the one obtained from motional Stark effect measurements.
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Krämer et al. (1998) studied this question.
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