It was shown in recent work that the crests of surface disturbances on a falling jet are a powerful agent for air entrainment at the free surface of a liquid pool. The paper explores the opposite case in which the jet is disturbed so as to form an axisymmetric trough, rather than a crest. It is found that no air is entrained in this case. The paper concludes with some considerations on the validity of a recently proposed model for air entrainment.
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Ohl et al. (2000) studied this question.
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