Blue/green infrastructures: a dual solution for urban heat island and urban flooding

This review critically examines the interplay between green and blue infrastructures, urban heat island (UHI) effects, and urban flooding. By synthesizing recent findings from 2009 to 2024, we explore how using green and blue infrastructures mitigating UHI and urban flood events. We delve into the characteristics and effectiveness of various green and blue infrastructure solutions, including green roofs, bioswales, and wetlands. The analysis reveals that UHI significantly exacerbates urban flooding disasters. Despite advancements in understanding the effect of blue and green infrastructures, significant gaps remain in the literature. Notably, long-term impact assessments and comprehensive evaluations of existing mitigation strategies are scarce. This highlights the urgent need for targeted research and the development of adaptive management practices to enhance UHI and flood prediction and management in urban settings. Future investigative pursuits should integrate the simultaneous ramifications of UHIs and urban pollution islands to proficiently inform urban planning strategies. The review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches, integrating hydrology, climatology, urban planning, and technology. By consolidating existing research, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers, enriching the current body of knowledge and providing clear directions for future investigations in urban disaster management.