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August 30, 2026Gut PathogensOpen Access

Fecal S100 calcium-binding protein B as a marker for disease severity in patients with Clostridioides difficile infection

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Authors

LDLaasya DoppalapudiMBMatthew Z. BehmXWXin-Qun Wang

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Overview

Observational study reveals elevated fecal S100B levels in severe Clostridioides difficile infection, indicating its potential utility as a noninvasive biomarker of disease severity.

Key Points

  • To determine whether fecal concentrations of S100 calcium-binding protein B are associated with severe disease outcomes, recurrence, or mortality in patients diagnosed with Clostridioides difficile infection.
  • Analyzed fecal specimens collected from 149 patients diagnosed with Clostridioides difficile infection between April 2021 and February 2022 (59.06% female; mean age 61.4 years).
  • Measured fecal concentrations of S100B, myeloperoxidase, lipocalin-2, calprotectin, IL-6, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor using ELISA, and assayed isolates for binary toxin genes (cdtA/cdtB) via qPCR.
  • Severe disease occurred in 42.28% (63/149) of patients, recurrent infection in 29.53% (44/149), binary toxin-positive strains in 59.00% (88/149), and post-infection mortality reached 19.46% (29/149).
  • Fecal S100B levels were significantly elevated in severe disease cases (AUC = 0.6253, p = 0.0091), whereas individual markers IL-6, MPO, Lcn2, calprotectin, and BDNF showed no significant association.
  • S100B alone did not correlate with recurrence or mortality, but combining all six inflammatory biomarkers significantly associated with severe disease, recurrence, and post-CDI mortality.

Cite This Study

Doppalapudi et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a941ce46c1a8fb52e79e804https://doi.org/10.1186/s13099-026-00874-w
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