Electrochemical genosensors based on PCR strategies for microorganisms detection and quantification

The use of DNA electrochemical sensors combined with PCR-amplification strategies for the detection of microorganisms is reviewed. Most studies involve testing sensors for short oligonucleotide targets without DNA preparation from real samples. Approaches involving amperometric, voltammetric or impedimetric detection of hybridization processes between surface-attached DNA probes and targets are addressed. Direct detection of the hybridization process and the use of electrochemical redox mediators, enzyme amplification or nanoparticle-labeling are considered.