The phase shift experienced by a light wave when it passes through a focus (the Gouy phase shift) can be regarded as a geometrical effect arising, via the uncertainty principle, from a modification of the volume of space available for the propagation of the photon. This effect is closely related to the shift in the phase of the wave function of a particle travelling along a tube; however, it does not require the presence of physical boundaries.
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Hariharan et al. (1996) studied this question.
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