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30 women and 30 men were tested on the embedded-figures test, the rod-and-frame test, and the Poggendorff illusion. It was found that for men the Poggendorff illusion was significantly related both to the embedded-figures test and the rod-and-frame test. For women, the illusion was related only to performance on the embedded-figures test.
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Alexander W. Pressey (1967) studied this question.
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