Key result
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is associated with a 0.04%-1.14% incidence of myocarditis, which carries a high mortality rate of 25%-50%.
Why the study?
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is effective, but rare immune-mediated cardiovascular adverse events such as myocarditis can occur.
ICI-related myocarditis is a rare but highly fatal complication requiring baseline cardiac evaluation and scheduled surveillance.
Supports cardiac surveillance in ICI recipients; leaves open optimal protocols via prospective studies.
BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is an effective treatment for many patients. Although rare, immune-mediated cardiovascular adverse events can occur, including myocarditis. OBJECTIVES: This article provides an overview of the incidence, proposed pathophysiology, and current surveillance for myocarditis in patients receiving ICI therapy. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed®, CINAHL®, and Scopus® for articles published from 2016 through 2021 to evaluate current recognition, surveillance, and management protocols for ICI-related myocarditis. A case study illustrates the challenges in managing patients experiencing ICI-related cardiac adverse events. FINDINGS: The incidence of myocarditis in patients treated with ICI therapy is 0.04%-1.14%, but it carries a high mortality rate of 25%-50%. A baseline cardiac evaluation and scheduled surveillance throughout therapy is recommended, particularly for patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Through continuing education and proper training, clinicians and nursing staff can recognize and promptly diagnose immune-related cardiac adverse events.
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A 2022 study conducted a review in Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy was evaluated. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is associated with a 0.04%-1.14% incidence of myocarditis, which carries a high mortality rate of 25%-50%.
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