Hydroxysafflor yellow A protects against angiotensin II‑induced hypertrophy

Figures

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  Figure 1.. HSYA reduced hypertrophy after MI in vivo. (A) The heart size in each group; (B) The heart weight/body weight ratio; **P<0.01, #P<0.05 as indicated. ns, no significant difference; (C) The H&E staining for myocardial tissue, scale bar, 20 µm. HSYA, Hydroxysafflor yellow A; MI, myocardial infarction; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin.

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  Figure 2.. HSYA rescued the declined expression of Nrf2 caused by MI. The expression of Nrf2 was measured by (A) RT-qPCR and (B and C) western blot analysis. **P<0.01, ##P<0.01, ^P<0.05 as indicated. ns, no significant difference. HSYA, Hydroxysafflor yellow A; MI, myocardial infarction; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

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  Figure 3.. The effect of HSYA on Nrf2 expression in vitro. (A-C) The transfection efficiency of siNrf2 was examined by (A) RT-qPCR and (B and C) western blot analysis; (D and E) The effect of HSYA on the expression of Nrf2 through (D) western blotting and (E) RT-qPCR; #P<0.05 and ^P<0.05, **P<0.01 as indicated. ns, no significant difference; HSYA, Hydroxysafflor yellow A; Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

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  Figure 4.. HSYA improved the cell viability and reduced the cardiac hypertrophy. (A) CCK-8 test for cell viability; **P<0.01, #P<0.05 and ^P<0.05, no significant difference (ns); (B) 3H Leucine incorporation assay to detect the protein synthesis rate; **P<0.01, #P<0.05 and ^P<0.05 as indicated. ns, no significant difference. HSYA, Hydroxysafflor yellow A; CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8.

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  Figure 5.. HSYA decreased the expression of hypertrophic factors. RT-qPCR [(A) for BNP, and (B) for β-MHC] and western blot analysis [(B-D) for BNP and β-MHC]. **P<0.01, #P<0.05 and ^P<0.05 as indicated. ns, no significant difference. HSYA, Hydroxysafflor yellow A; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction; BNP, brain natriuretic factor; β-MHC, β-myosin heavy chain.

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  Figure 6.. HSYA ameliorated oxidative stress and increased the expression of NQO-1 and HO-1. (A) ROS production was examined by DCHF-DA; (B) The content of MDA; (C) The activity of SOD; (D-G) The expression NQO-1 and HO-1 by RT-qPCR [(D) for NQO-1, (E) for HO-1] and (F and G) Western blot assays. **P<0.01, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ^P<0.05 and ^^P<0.01 as indicated. ns, no significant difference. HSYA, Hydroxysafflor yellow A; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction; NQO-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) HO-1 heme oxygenase-1; MDA, malondialdehyde; SOD, superoxide dismutase; ROS, reactive oxygen species.