The radio-frequency parameters and the quantummechanical parameters entering into the design of paramagnetic quantum-mechanical amplifiers are described and discussed. The physical and electrical limitations on such parameters as gain-bandwidth product, gain stability, and nonreciprocity are described analytically and with design curves. Two realizations of nonreciprocal amplifiers are described and discussed. In particular, operation of a nonreciprocal amplifier at 9 kmc is described. Explanations for the observed properties of previously reported amplifiers are given, and the steps necessary to achieve high gain-bandwidth product and nonreciprocity with paramagnetic amplifiers are described.
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Magnus Strandberg (1960) studied this question.
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