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Losses of trapped fast ions in the presence of low-frequency modes are observed in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak [Fusion Science and Technology 44, 569 (2003), Special Issue on ASDEX Upgrade] during ion-cyclotron heated discharges by means of a new fast-ion-losses detector. The expulsion is explained in terms of the magnetic drift induced by the perturbation field when the ratio between the bounce frequency and the toroidal precession frequency equals the toroidal mode number.
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García-Muñoz et al. (2008) studied this question.
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