Automatic diagnosis and classification of breast surgical samples with dynamic full-field OCT and machine learning

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PurposeThe adoption of emerging imaging technologies in the medical community is often hampered when they provide a new unfamiliar contrast that requires experience to be interpreted. Dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography (D-FF-OCT) microscopy is such an emerging technique. It provides fast, high-resolution images of excised tissues with a contrast comparable to H&E histology but without any tissue preparation and alteration.ApproachWe designed and compared two machine learning approaches to support interpretation of D-FF-OCT images of breast surgical specimens and thus provide tools to facilitate medical adoption. We conducted a pilot study on 51 breast lumpectomy and mastectomy surgical specimens and more than 1000 individual 1.3 × 1.3 mm2 images and compared with standard H&E histology diagnosis.ResultsUsing our automatic diagnosis algorithms, we obtained an accuracy above 88% at the image level (1.3 × 1.3 mm2) and above 96% at the specimen level (above cm2).ConclusionsAltogether, these results demonstrate the high potential of D-FF-OCT coupled to machine learning to provide a rapid, automatic, and accurate histopathology diagnosis with minimal sample alteration.