A Survey of Distributed Computing Approaches in IoT (Internet of Things)-Based Smart Applications

The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has created a pressing demand for computing solutions that are both efficient and scalable. When it comes to processing huge amounts of data created by the Internet of Things (IoT) in real-time with minimal latency, distributed computing techniques like as cloud, fog, edge, and dew computing are indispensable.This paper surveys the existing distributed computing paradigms in IoT-based smart applications, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and applicability in various domains such as smart cities, healthcare, industrial IoT, and smart agriculture. Furthermore, the paper discusses the key enabling technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, 5G connectivity, and virtualization, that enhance the performance and security of distributed IoT systems. Challenges such as interoperability, data security, and infrastructure costs are explored, along with potential solutions to improve the effectiveness of these computing approaches.