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THE INCREASED use of umbilical artery and vein catheters in the newborn nursery by neonatologists and pediatricians has assumed an even greater importance since the introduction of umbilical-vein exchange transfusion by Diamond1and the measurement of blood gases by James.2Use of this method has now been extended to include the infusion of various solutions and drugs through the catheter, as well as measurement of various blood chemistry levels. The radiologist plays a key role in evaluating the exact location of the catheter and its tip.3-6He must be aware of the normal and abnormal locations as well as the inherent complications associated with an abnormal location. Normal Umbilical Circulation Material and methods for catheter insertion have been described by previous authors and are beyond the scope of this article.7The knowledge of placement and the location of the catheter is based on an understanding of
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Stuart B. Paster (1975) studied this question.
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