Which is a superior material for scattering layer in dye-sensitized solar cells—electrospun rice grain- or nanofiber-shaped TiO2?

A thin film of rice grain- and nanofiber-shaped titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures was fabricated as an effective scattering layer on the nanoparticle electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells by electrospinning. The rice grain-like nanostructures are found to be superior to the nanofibers in scattering light with a 15.7% enhancement in efficiency compared to 9.63% for nanofibers.