The longitudinal electromechanical coupling factor (k 33) was investigated as a function of PbNi1/3Nb2/3O3– PbTiO3–PbZrO3 (PNN-PT-PZ) piezoelectric ceramic compositions close to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The k 33 was influenced by the grain size of PNN-PT-PZ ceramics. The composition of the MPB determined by k 33 is slightly different from that of the free permittivity. The maximum value of k 33 in PNN-PT-PZ system attained to 0.8 on the composition of 0.5PNN-0.345PT-0.155PZ.
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Kondô et al. (1997) studied this question.
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